The Identification of Bambusa Sp

The identification of Bamboo using various PCR and Sequencing Techniques Abstract often the incorrect bamboo species is sold to unsuspecting customers at shops. This can have a disastrous effect on their garden. Three separate and unknown Bamboo alternate samples were taken and were required to be chooseed genetically from one another. victimisation ITS-PCR desoxyribonucleic acid amplification techniques, the ITS region DNA was amplified and utilise in PCR-RFLP and RAPD PCR in order to determine the genetic identity of each sample. Sequencing was performed, and resolutenesss allowed us to distinguish mingled with samples (to a certain extent. ) IntroductionBamboos argon a stem of woody perennial green plants (Wikipedia et al. 2006) that are tack together in many an(prenominal) parts of the world. There are 91 genera and ab away 1,000 species of bamboo (Wikipedia et al. 2006). They are found in diverse climates, from cold mountains to hot tropical regions. Bamboo is a super desirable plant grown for many reasons in plantations and gardens around the world. more reasons it is grown are that it is a beautiful ornamental plant with unparalleled properties. Bamboo is also an extremely strong plant that is light it is use in many building applications for floorboards, and is also often utilise in furniture making.There are a number of taller growing species that are strong at blocking out the eyes of pepping toms and nosy neighbors. There are two main forms of bamboo, each form describing the way in which the bamboo itself spreads. These are known as clumping (monopodial) and running (sympodial) forms. (Wikipedia et al. 2006) Clumping bamboo species tend to spread underground slowly. political campaign bamboo species are exceedingly variable in their tendency to spread this is cerebrate to both the species and the soil and climate conditions. Some can send out runners several metres a year, while others can stay in the kindred general area for lon g periods.If drop, they can be invasive everywhere time and can cause problems by moving into adjacent areas. The temperament of bamboo as being highly invasive is often exaggerated, and situations where it has taken over large areas is often the result of years of untended or neglected plantings. Many invasive bamboo species are often sold, unsuspectingly to people, who plant them without realizing this. The result of this is the complete takeover of ones garden. Some species of bamboo can grow at a tremendous rate, some at over 36inches (90cm) a day, providing it is provided with ideal conditions (OneEarth, 2006). lay Biosecurity breaches often occur when bamboo plants are imported with incorrect or morose labeling, often in an attempt to bring illegal ornamental species in to the country for indoor use. This black market operation is a weighty threat to native species of plants, and, if a threatening sympodial bamboo species is imported and planted in place of a monopodial (which is preferred, as they do not spread), serious molest to native forests and grasslands can occur (NGIA, 2006). Some of the techniques that can be used to identify to a species level are PCR-ITS, RAPD, and PCR-RFLP.These will be used to identify our unknown samples of bamboo. Aim To identify, to a species level, using nucleotide depth psychology and sequencing techniques, three unknown samples of bamboo. Materials For DNA extraction 3 Unknown Bamboo Samples (Leaves) trench mortar and Pestle Liquid Nitrogen Quiagen Dneasy DNA Extraction Kit cartridge remover tubes Pipettes and Tips Ice and Esky Quantification of DNA headspring Combs (10uL) Wells UV Transilluminator Agarose Tris Borate EDTA Ethidium Bromide effect Dye centrifuge Tubes Gel cooler (To run agarose gel electrophoresis) Pipettes and TipsFor ITS found PCR 5uL of extracted DNA 5x Reaction buff MilliQ (Ultra Pure Water) DNTPs (dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP) PCR Machine MgCl2 Centrifuge Tubes Pipettes and Tips For RAPD-P CR ITS-PCR DNA harvesting 5x Reaction buffer MilliQ (Ultra Pure Water) MgCl2 Primers OPM-01 and OPM-17 Wells Well Combs (10uL) UV Transilluminator Agarose Tris Borate EDTA Ethidium Bromide gist Dye Centrifuge Tubes Gel Tank (To run agarose gel electrophoresis) Pipettes and Tips For ITS-RFLP ITS-PCR DNA product Enzymes Hha1 and Rsa1 buffer storage Red (Rsa1) Buffer C (Hha1) MilliQ (Ultra Pure Water)Wells Well Combs (10uL) UV Transilluminator Agarose Tris Borate EDTA Ethidium Bromide Loading Dye Centrifuge Tubes Gel Tank (To run agarose gel electrophoresis) Pipettes and Tips Methods DNA Extraction and Purification Quiagen Dneasy Kit ITS-RFLP ITS Region is a particular place of DNA which is present in all organisms. It is a region, in between each super acid sequence, contains DNA that is highly conserved and unique amongst a particular species, and is thus not used to translate into proteins. Enzymes are used to restrict or cut the DNA at certain points.The situation of the cut s depends on nucleotide sequence that the enzyme recognizes. The number of nucleotides in sequence determines coat of the restricted piece of DNA in base pairs (BP). ITS-PCR This is done to cast up the ITS region DNA which is highly conserved and unique to each case-by-case species Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 are used because the ITS region (18s, 5. 8s and 28s regions) are common in all organisms. The region in between the 18s and 28s is the region that is highly conserved and unique to any given species. Added to Master Mix (containing buffer solution) PCRd ITS Region DNA is amplified out RAPDRAPD Primers OPM-01 and OPM-17 are added to the ITS-PCR DNA product and where are given a genetic fingerprint of the DNA. HOW, WHEN, WHAT, WHERE, WHO? What was done? adapted detail for repetition by others Results (facts only) (2) HOW, WHEN, WHAT, WHERE? What was found? Presentation of results as simply and clearly as possible Figures to present data and concepts clearly and before long (a p icture is worth 1000 words) Types of figures photographs, drawings, tables, graphs Numerical data as tables or graphs (graphs preferred) Text to point out trends (not repeat information in figures) parole (3) WHY, WHAT, WHO?What does it mean? Interpretation of results relative to the hypothesis or aim equation with work of others References (6) WHO? List of all references cited in text http//www. bonsai-bci. com/species/bamboo. hypertext mark-up language Sabrina Caine work modified accessed 01/06/06 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bamboo wikipedia last modified 27/05/06 accessed 01/06/06 http//www. 1earth. com. au/collect/wicker_furniture. html last modified 27/05/06 accessed 01/06/06 1Earth Antiques and Appraisals http//www. ngia. co. nz/news/507bamboo. php Nursing and Garden manufacturing Association (NGIA) Wellington, New Zealand Accessed 01/06/06 Updated