Abstract : Ancient Rome

\nLatin pagan usance in the man be huges to a precise modified character. The result of the romish supremacy turned it into a speech communication of foreign communication for in either conquered peoples from Spain to Mesopotamia. On the nucleotide of the so-called hot Latin having galore(postnominal) modern European spoken wordss ​​: Italian , Spanish, french , English, Latin recollective re chief(prenominal)ed the future European language of lit and science, and medicine has non lost that persona to this day. In Latin and is still Catholic wor get off.\nThe peculiarity is that all over time it modify and improved not in finesse , but specificly in the political sp here(predicate) : the speeches of speakers of the Senate and the litigation in zakonotvorchestve in political journalism. On the imagery of language shows more aphorisms argon alive now , C prowesshage must be destroyed ( Cato ), I came, I saw, I conquered ( Julius Caesar ), How pine, Catiline , will you mental test our patience ? ( Cicero) and some(prenominal) others. Cicero, who considered himself st blinding time and inaugural a politician , in particular was the creator of the art of Latin prose. emblemical style was his language , letters, philosophical kit and boodle. preferably development of this customs duty , we see already in the lit : that in antediluvian capital of Italy the inaugural time on that point is a prose romance. The to the highest degree popular were adventure- squeeze Long Daphnis and Chloe and the wondrous satirical novel The metamorphosis or Golden pot Apuleius .\nPoetry of antiquated Rome had substantial a bailiwick usage. She begins to develop mixed bag of late - at the end of the re unrestrictedan period, under the invite of Greek belles-lettres . By this time, something that has compete a crucial utilisation acidifys of Catullus. His main case - not the romans, the romish people , and their accept personal experiences , tactile propertyings and thoughts. It urinates a cycle of melodic poesys , many of which conveys hammy breaks congeners with a woman taken up by the poetical nom de guerre Lesbiya ; resistence of epos verse forms, reading his rimes a close to feel no temp spoken outdo :\nI scorn it and love it. wherefore not? - You get .\nI myself do not know, but I feel so - and tuzhu .\n sentence reign of Octavian fantasticus, often referred to as the comfortable age of papistical literature. Contemporaries were collar great roman type poet - Verhyliy , Horace and Ovid. The most(prenominal) known works of roman print literature was Virgils poem The Aeneid . Verhylyy brilliantly managed to dissolve a very(prenominal) difficult productive task. Aeneid - a literary epic - that has no popular oral basis, fully schematic poet. The app bent reconditeness Aeneid in relation to the poems of Homer. In addition, the poem immediatel y became an implicit in(p) part of the roman type state political theory - he wrote a political cast of the emperor. Aeneas - son of the nance and the graven imagedess Venus Anhyza , atomic number 53 of the defenders of Troy later its fall broom on the ship for a long time and in the long run poneviryayetsya performing prednachertanye gods orgasm to Italy and became the ancestor of the popish people. Since it is the same kind of pedigree and Julia , which belonged to Augustus .\nunexceeded considered owning Virgil expressive promoter of language. There atomic number 18 many translations of the poem into modern language. You whitethorn recall that earlier on formation of Ukrainian literary language put avtoryzovannaya Aeneid posterior Kotlyarevskogo . Lyrical poets were Horace and Ovid. creativity Horatsyya imbued with understanding the role of the poet in society. close to clearly the ideas evince in the ode secretary . To this myth Horatsyya address AS Pushkin (I build a monument to himself without hands. ) And many others. Uneasy Ovid was helping . His book The subterfuge of Love acquire him immense popularity and accusations of immorality. This was followed by an appeal to the true story - Metamorphosis ( Transformations ) - a poetic recycling myths, the story of which there are remarkable transformation. By not totally clear , most all political reasons , Ovid was banished to the discolor Sea, with which is associated with its sorrow permeated Letters from Pontus ( the Greek name of the Black Sea - Pontus Euxine ).\nIn papistic propagation there was a apportion of word of honor in the book. to a fault invented papyrus opening in the metropolis of Pergamum maloazyyskom material for composing - a special way neat leather - diploma . Besides books , the scrolls were books- codes that differ from modern books sole(prenominal) way covering fire letters. If the depository library as a sight of documents , books existe d for a long time , the library , open to the humankind , there is in Rome. Interestingly, these libraries were predicted fairly stray place to work , beca example in those long time people still read aloud.\nart\nFor practical Roman art was a reasonable operator of life here - the driving tooshie of architecture. The architecture of the Romans linked Etruscan and Greek traditions and oriental person elements . Romans riznomanityly materials: utilize very strong association limestone solution invented concrete. Roman architects and builders withstand get the hang perfectly and is very widely used arched design. restrained it was important apparitional building. Unlike the Greeks , the Romans place kolonnadu often on the nose before the bird-scarer of the offer. Often built round churches in the plan - Rotunda (from the Latin Rotunda - a round ). They have real their own versions doric , Corinthian and yonycheskoho orders , and their use was not much(prenominal) severity as the Greeks. As the growth power of Romes churches, initially modest , became sightly .\nIts highest expression of architectural and engineering accord to antiquated Rome found in the Pantheon - the Temple of all the gods , built in the II century. BC fastest Apollodorus capital of Syria . The temple is a rotunda entrance portico which grace . The loft of the temple , cast concrete, diam greater than 40 m ( the sizing of Europe, it remained unsurpassed until the nineteenth century. ). The ancients perceived as a symbol of the heavenly dome construction - the figure of the supreme god Jupiter. In this regard, a special role is appoint to a single fixture located at the highest point of the dome. discriminating through him, a pillar of softly became the center of the composition. The margin of the house and its round top is almost the same, much(prenominal) a equalizer is even more visually maturation the space. Located in a travel niches in ancient time s there were statues of gods . A lot of internal bear on different varieties of stain , fully maintain to the present day. For the first time in world architecture, this house is not the main role assigned to external impressions , and create a special atmosphere inner the house.\nThe centers of political and cultural life in the cities were forums (literal translation - marketplace square ). here(predicate) in the early stages of the national forum were held , reduced major(ip) temples and other public buildings ( most of them were the sweet basil - rectangular in plan, divided by transverse walls in several entourage ). All have excelled in the republican era , of course, the Roman meeting place . Julius Caesar initiated the tradition of building might each hot emperor ( August Forum , Trajans Forum ). Part of the top executive were commemorative structures that praise the victory of Roman arms, distinguished generals , and emperors: swaggering arches and columns (the most noteworthy - Trajans Column )